The+Rise+of+Russia

The Rise of Russia

1. Describe the effects of Mongol occupation on Russian civilization The Russian landlords soon began to adopt the Mongol style of dress and social habits. The Mongols also lowered the literacy rate amongst the priesthood. The Mongol's presence in Russia also affected their economic life; trade went down and manufactoring was limited, therefore, they became dependent on agricultural and peasant labor. 2. Trace Russian expansion under the Ivans. With motives to push the Mongol lords as far back as possible, the territorial expansions led by the Ivans was mainly focused on central Asia. Both Ivan III and IV recruited peasants to take over lands. These peasants, also known as **cossacks**, combined their agricultural skills with that of military strategies on horseback. Cossacks eventually conquered the Caspian Sea, Siberia, and across the Urals. The expansion also led to new trading connections with Asian territories and their neighbors.

Leadership Analysis of Peter the Great: - **Alexis Romanov** had abolished the assemblies of the nobles and gained new powers over the Russian church. - Resumed the Old Orthodox religion that state controlled the church. - **Old believers** were dissident religious conservatives that were exiled to Siberia or to southern Russia, where they maintained their religion and extended Russia' colonizing activities. || - Pushed for westernization - Wanted to find allies for a crusade against Turkish power in Europe. - Wanted parts of the western culture integrated into Russia's own culture. || - He copied Western military organization, created specially trained soldiers to defeat local militias. - Peter also extended an earlier policy to recruit bureaucrats that who weren't aristocrats previously, and giving them high ranking titles as a reward. - Hired a secret police force to spy on the bureaucracy. - Attacked the Ottoman Empire - Moved capital to St. Petersburg - Improved his army's weaponry - Created the first Russian Navy - revised the tax system || - Women gained more freedom, allowed to attend public events. - Special fighting force - Enhanced state power - changed cultural aspects - bureaucratic training, providing education in subjects such as math. || Long-Term Effects - Peter's Chancery of Secret Police - Peter's foreign policy - Expanded Russian territory - formed scietific institution - Freed russia from exclusive independence from aristorcrat officials. ||
 * Name of Leader: Peter the Great ||
 * Lifespan: 1672 - 1724 || Title: Tsar ||
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power: 1689 - 1725 ||
 * **Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power**
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
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Leadership Analysis on Catherine the Great Leader Analysis Sheet - After the death of Peter the Great, their were several decades of weak rule of ineffective emperors and empresses. - Russian territorial expansion continued. - Catherine's husband (nephew of Peter the Great) took throne, however he had special needs and his wife took the throne. || - Supported westernization - wanted a central government || - Gave powers to nobles over serfs - Continued to build classical styles of the West in the capital - won new territories from the Ottoman Empire - increased Russian interference in Polish affairs || - harsher punishments for serfs - gave new power to nobility over serfs - new officials were accepted into higher ranks. - enlightenment ideas into gov't || Long-Term Effects - A strong central government - Won independence - Constructed a strong central state - New elements of western culture into their own - balance betweeen local politics and economic interest. ||
 * Name of Leader: Catherine the Great ||
 * Lifespan: 1729 - 1796 || Title: Empress ||
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
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