Nationalism,+Industrialization+and+Imperialism

Nationalism 1. Complete the who, what, when, where, why analysis of the Treaty of Westphalia

Strong nation states -> strong identities, which leads to nationalism.
 * Treaty of Westphalia = Sovereignty**
 * Who? - German Protestants and Roman Catholics of Spain.
 * What - This treaty granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion, either Protestant or Catholic.
 * When? - The treaty of Westphalia was signed in 1648
 * Where? - Germany and Spain (Europe)
 * Why? - The treaty was signed to end the Thirty Years War

2. Define nationalism in your own words: Nationalism is political views that stressed unity based on culture, race, or origin. Take notes on the following. Make sure you connect the events back to nationalism.
 * //Unification of Italy// - The Italian unification was led under the power of **Count Camillo di Cavour**, who extended parliamentary powers to please liberal forces. He created an alliance with France that allowed him to attack Austrian control of northern Italian provinces in 1858. Thus enabling Cavour to unite most of Italy under the Piedmontese king. This is a symbol of nationalism because Italy was brought under one king.
 * //Unification of Germany// - Led by **Otto von Bismarck**, German unity wasn't achieved until 1871. He was able to unite Germany under Prussia because they had the most powerful military system. The new empire possessed a new national parliament with a upper and lower house. The lower house was based off of universal male suffrage, while the upper house was represented by state governments. This was a symbol of nationalism because Germany was becoming increasingly democratic.
 * //Zionism// - A movement claiming that Jewish people in eastern Europe must return to the holy land in the Middle East. This is a symbol of natinoalism because eastern Europe was becoming unified based on culture.
 * //Brazilian Independence// - Brazilian Independence was claimed under the rule of Dom Pedro I, whose fighting against Portuguese troops lasted only for one year. Their independence had little affect on the social organization based on slavery, nor did it change the political structure.
 * //Monroe Doctrine// - The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 claimed that an attempt by any European power to colonize the Americas would be categorized as an unfriendly and unwelcoming act. This was a symbol of nationalism because they were becoming an independent nation.
 * //Argentine Republic// - Replaced state of Buenos Aires in 1862; result of a compromise between centralists and federalists. This is a symbol of nationalism because Argentina was becoming unified under one government.
 * //Balkan Nationalism// - Movements to create independent nations within the Balkan possesions of the Ottoman empire; provoked a series of crises within the European alliance system; eventually led to World War I. This was a symbol of nationalism because nations were created under political unity based on origin.

3. Summarize the global impact of nationalism (limit to 200 words/ 1/2 page) Industrialization set in motion the several nationalistic movements. As nationalist reforms occurred all across the globe, it allowed many nation-states to become independent nations. Thus, nationalism created new world powers and more competition. Nationalism created many new sources of world power, such as Germany, Italy, and the United States. Some of the nationalist reforms created democratic governments such as the United States government and German parliamentary houses. Nationalism provided middle class workers with identities to those whose traditional values were disrupted by industrial life and movement to the cities. In Western Europe government functions began to expand, for example, they copied the Chinese and issued out civil service examinations to test applicants to determine how skillful they were rather than of family and birth connections. Along with nationalism came socialism that depended on the working class. As Italian unification was taking place, more power was awarded to the government officials and the Catholic Pope's power decreased significantly due to Count Camillo di Cavour. By the time of the German and Italian unifications in the 19th century, almost all Western nations had some type of parliamentary system, which was usually democratic.

Industrialization
4. Look at the data below and answer the questions that follow

//Index Numbers of World Trade (Volume of trade in selected years compared to 1913)// // Iron Production (1000's Metric Tons) // //Years of Life Expectancy at Birth//
 * Year || Index Number ||
 * 1850 || 10 ||
 * 1870 || 24 ||
 * 1895 || 48 ||
 * 1901 || 67 ||
 * 1911 || 96 ||
 * 1913 || 100 ||
 * || 1830 || 1850 || 1913 ||
 * Britain || 700 || 2,716 || 9,792 ||
 * France || 244 || 1,262 || 4,626 ||
 * Russia || 167 || 231 || 3,870 ||
 * Germany || 111 || 246 || 14,836 ||
 * Country || Year: 1820 || Year: 1900 ||
 * Britain || 40 || 50 ||
 * Average,rest of Western Europe || 36 || 46 ||
 * United States || 39 || 47 ||
 * Japan || 34 || 44 ||
 * Russia || 28 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Latin America || 27 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Asia || 23 || 24 ||
 * Average all Africa || 23 || 24 ||


 * Which of the data sets above do you think is the most significant? Why? - I believe the most significant data sets above is the table on Iron Production, because it shows the dramatic increase in iron production between 1850 and 1913. It shows how much production rates have improved all over Asia and Europe.
 * Taken together what do these data sets tell us? - These data sets tell us of impact the Industrial revolution had taken on trade, production, and life expectancy. Because production and working conditions had increased, it triggered more trade with other nations and high life expectancies at birth.

5. Read the following and answer the questions below
 * What was the Industrial revolution? - The Industrial Revolution was a reform in "production, transport, and communications."
 * What was its origins? - It originally originated from Britain in the 18th century.
 * What were its major effects? - Some of the Industrial Revolutions major effects were inventing new machinery that could complete tasks faster and without the use of several people, also saving money. Such as textiles, railroads and steamboats, and iron. The industrial revolution caused much grief to workers that the machines put out of work. There was also a massive growth in cities and in the economies of effected nations.

6. Now referring to your textbook create a chart or mindmap of the effects of Industrialization.

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**Imperialism** 7. Examine the map below and the data that follows - What do they show us? The maps and the data show us that Great Britain has the largest empire at this time. They clearly have the most world power, most military dominance, and most control over world commerce. They have expanded on every single continent (with the exception of Antarctica), making their presence well known. But, Germany has also made progress in expand their empire, but population in Germany is the only thing they have over Great Britain.

//Extent of Colonial Control//
 * ~  ||~ Great Britain ||~ France ||~ Belgium ||~ Netherlands ||~ Germany (1914) ||
 * ~ Area in Square Miles || 94,000 || 212,600 || 11,800 || 13,200 || 210,000 ||
 * ~ Population || 45,500,100 || 42,000,000 || 8,300,000 || 8.500,000 || 67,500,000 ||
 * ~ Area of Colonies || 13,100,000 || 4,300,000 || 940,000 || 790,000 || 1,100,000 ||
 * ~ Population of Colonies || 470,000,000 || 65,000,000 || 13,000,000 || 66,000,000 || 13,000,000 ||

SOURCE: Mary Evelyn Townsend, //European Colonial Expansion Since 1871// (Chicago: J.P. Lippincott Company, 1941), p. 19

//Percentage of Territories Belonging to the European/US Colonial Powers// (1900) SOURCE: A. Supan, //Die territoriale Entwicklung der Euroaischen Kolonien// (Gotha, 1906), p. 254
 * ||~ Percentage Controlled ||~  ||
 * ~ Africa || 90.4% ||
 * ~ Polynesia || 98.9% ||
 * ~ Asia || 56.5% ||
 * ~ Australia || 100.0% ||
 * ~ Americas || 27.2% ||

8. Define Imperialism in your own words: Imperialism is the creation of massive empire of unequal control over land and trade.

9. What were the motivations for Imperialism? Motivations for imperialism were acquiring land and making money.

10. Before note-taking, look for the following key terms (not in the glossary!) and define them in your own words.
 * // The British East India Company // - A stock company that went to war to obtain land in other continents, mainly in India.
 * // Sepoys // - People who worked for the British East India Company. Usually captured after wars with India.
 * // British Raj // - Was a political establishment in India that was gaining ground due to the British - French rivalry.
 * // Partition of Africa/ Berlin Conference // - By 1914, Africa was divided into control of 7 different empires, consisting of the British, the French Portuguese, Spanish, German, Belgian, and Italian. The majority of the land was in hands of the British and the French.
 * // Settlement Colonies //- Colonies were Europeans migrated and inhabited the area as their homeland, ridding the land of the natives, such as North America and Australia.
 * // White Dominions // - Colonies occupied mainly by the British, such as Canada and Australia.
 * // Cecil Rhodes // - One of the British entrepreneurs that was sent to the Orange Free State once diamonds were discovered, thus increasing tensions between the Boers and the British.
 * // James Cook // - Captain James Cook led the voyages to Hawaii that opened Hawaii to the West. Originally thought of as a god.

11. Now go through your book and complete the graphic organizer below than the following two nations.) || - The British East India Company constantly went to war with princes who boarded their territory. - The Indian kingdoms were weak, making it easier to conquer. They were able to advance into trading towns: Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta. - Many Indians were excited to join the British regiments, due to the better weapons, brighter uniforms, and higher more regular pay. So they were building a large army. - the Battle at Plassy in 1757, when a small British army defeated the powerful Indian army of 50,000. || - The cities the British captured were converted to the administrative centers of the three **presedencies**, which consisted of the majority of the land they control. - Allowed defeated princes to be left on their thrones of their **princely states**. - Racial discrimination - The British began to enforce the Hindu caste system, because they had no interest in spreading Christian ideals. - Reconstructed the company heirarchy and made it much more accoutable to the British government. - Wanted to put an end to the sati ritual. || - Indians and the British began to show hatred towards each other. - Some Indians were excited to get higher pays. || They annexed it permanently in 1815. - Missionary efforts led to a Boer rebellion. - Boer War (1899- 1902) British ultimately won. || - The British felt guilt for such treatment that they allowed them to settle on their land. || - British gained an additional trading post to connect to India. || the coast of New Zealand, they traded wood and food for European firearms. - The population of Maori of New Zealand declined dramatically because of the spread of infectious diseases. - Many were converted to Christianity. - Started wars with the British because they wanted their fertile land. || - Allowed the Maori to maintain their precontact culture. - Multiracial society. || - Maori was able to hold their own against the diseases and the invaders. ||
 * Country || How Britain gained control - steps to conquest || Actions taken by Britain when in control/ power || Effects/ Reactions ||
 * India (note this will be more notes
 * South Africa || - The British captured Cape Town in 1790s.
 * New Zealand || - Merchants established small settlements on

12. Write a 1/2 - 1 page summary where you explain the connections between Nationalism, Industrialization and Imperialism

Industrialization is what led these nations into Nationalism. These strong nation states began to develop strong national identities. Due to the reforms of the Industrial revolution, such as improvements in communications, production, and transport, nation states were able to establish strong naval powers, which would enable them to expand their territory. One of the best examples is the British empire. After establishing the Treaty of Westphalia, nations such as the United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy become into powerful nations, most powerful being the British. Once these nations had a sense of Nationalism, which is similar to patriotism, they craved to expand the land of their empire. Great Britain wanted to expand their control of colonial power and traveled all across the world to establish several different types of colonies, for example White Dominions. They established colonies in Canada, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, and India due to their most powerful naval force. They arguably had the largest empire of the 19th century, having a colonial population of 470,000,000 people, the next largest empire was that of Germany's who only had a colonial population of 13,000,000. So once, they established their own powerful nations, countries began to expand to maintain the largest empire, ultimately leading to Imperialism.

CCOT Essay
The Change over time essay is designed for you to analyze the evolution of a trend or a phenomenon over a long period of time. Concentrate on showing what changed, and how. Start by establishing a baseline: what were things like at the beginning of the period? What changed? How and why did it change? What were things like at the end of the period? What if anything stayed the same?

Write an essay that:
 * Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with appropriate historical evidence
 * Addresses all parts of the question
 * Uses world historical context to show change over time and/or continuities
 * Analyzes the process of change and/or continuity


 * Question**:Analyze the changes in Global commerce from 1450-1914 C.E. Be sure to discuss changes as well as continuities.

Steps
 * Break down the question
 * **Sketch a time-line**
 * Establish a baseline
 * **Identify major changes and continuities**
 * **Draft thesis**
 * **Write essay**